Francisco de Peñalosa was a prominent figure of the Spanish Renaissance and a significant composer of the early 16th century. Born in 1470 in Talavera de la Reina, near Toledo, Peñalosa's musical talents took him to the heart of the Iberian Peninsula's religious and cultural life. Serving in the Spanish royal chapel in different periods between about 1490 and his death in 1528, his career spanned the reigns of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and his grandson Charles V. Peñalosa's music reflects the crossroads of Spanish liturgical traditions and the broader currents of the European Renaissance.
Much of Peñalosa's work was sacred music, which included masses, Lamentations, motets, hymns, and settings of the Passion. He is noted for his synthesis of Spanish and Franco-Flemish styles, as seen in his "Missa Nunca Fue Pena Mayor" and various other masses, which have been rediscovered and celebrated in recent recordings. These pieces showcase his mastery of counterpoint and his expressive, often intricate, vocal writing. Although his secular songs are less well-preserved, Peñalosa's sacred compositions solidified his reputation as a master of polyphony. His works continue to be explored and appreciated in the 21st century, as evidenced by the recordings like "Francisco de Peñalosa: Masses" and performances by ensembles such as His Majestys Sagbutts & Cornetts that celebrate the rich legacy of Spain's Golden Age of polyphony.
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