Austro-German modernism in music is characterized by a profound break from traditional tonality and form, embracing atonality, dissonance, and new compositional techniques. Flourishing in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, this genre marks a radical departure from the Romantic era's harmonies, with composers like Arnold Schoenberg pioneering the twelve-tone technique, and his students, Anton Webern and Alban Berg, further developing the Second Viennese School. This genre also includes the expressionistic operas of Franz Schreker, the Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity) of Ernst Krenek and Paul Hindemith, and the individualistic, politically inspired works of composers like Karl Amadeus Hartmann. Austro-German modernism reflects the turbulence and innovation of its time, pushing musical boundaries and often mirroring the social upheaval of the era.
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